Authoritarian And Authoritarian Leadership Style Essay

Authoritarian, or autocratic, leadership tends to be viewed rather negatively, even though it is among the most common leadership styles in the business world. The term creates a negative image in most minds; an idea of dictators and tyrants. The images are directly translated into the world of leadership, even though authoritarian leadership can have much to offer. In this guide, we will examine the main concepts behind authoritarian leadership and study the core characteristics of the style and the leaders who use it. We’ll also delve into the advantages and disadvantages of the framework, before looking at examples of authoritarian leaders with their weaknesses and strengths. 1 Understanding the different contexts of authoritarian leadership To understand authoritarian leadership and how it works, you should study the history of it. While authoritarianism has been around for a long time, the idea of didn’t form into an official leadership style until the publication of a few major studies. The work of Resis Likert and Douglas McGregor has heavily influenced the birth and popularity of the leadership style. Rensis Likert’s study of leadership In 1960s, an American social psychologist Rensis Likert developed a model describing different management and leadership styles. He and his colleagues set out to identify how leader’s communicate with subordinates and what behaviours help improve the productivity of industrial organisations. The Liker four-fold model of leadershipShow MoreRelatedTransformational And Authoritarian Leadership Style1691 Words   |  7 Pages Transformational or Authoritarian Leadership Style Pamela Walsh Leadership Dr. Maureen Nixon March 9, 2015 Transformational or Authoritarian Leadership Style Over the course of several decades, the depiction of leadership has changed. What was thought to be innovative and participative or transformational tactic to leadership has replaced the classical and autocratic or authoritarian approach. The step forward that not everything old is bad and not everything new is good wasRead MoreTop 2 Leadership Styles : Participative And Authoritarian Leadership957 Words   |  4 PagesLeading Assessment According to the University of Kent leadership assessment, my top 2 leadership styles are Participative and Authoritarian. Participative leaders let their team participate in the decision-making process. The team is kept informed and allowed to discuss and propose policy changes. This type of leadership is best used when quality is more important than speed and productivity. Pros are better decision-making by the leader and the team feels more in control and motivated to workRead MoreAuthoritarian Leadership Model781 Words   |  4 PagesAUTHORITARIAN LEADERSHIP Autocratic leadership, also known as authoritarian leadership, is a leadership style characterized by individual control over all decisions and little input from group members. Autocratic leaders typically make choices based on their own ideas and judgments and rarely accept advice from followers. Autocratic leadership involves absolute, authoritarian control over a group. Authoritarian leaders are commonly referred to as autocratic leaders. 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Humans and Nature Depletion of Natural Resources by Humans

Humans and Nature: Depletion of Natural Resources by Humans Early in human history, people used energy for heating, lighting, and cooking. As humans began to farm larger areas of land, their energy demands changed. Domesticated animals were used for energy sources to pull plows. When the Industrial Revolution occurred, peoples energy demands further changed to meet the needs of industry. Work that was done by people and animals were then transferred over to machines. These machines required more natural resources such as iron and coal to produce large amounts of steel for tractors, pipes, and other devices. As the population increased, the demand for more products, such as clothing, shoes, and household items required more†¦show more content†¦As far as concerned its ability to supply the physical and chemical requirements for continued life and to absorb waste products. However, the late 1970s brought into focus the finite characteristics of non-renewable resources and th e Earths limited carrying capacity of these resources1. Throughout most of history, the interactions between human development and the environment have been relatively simple and localized. The complexity and scale of these interactions are now increasing, especially as resources became more scarce and competition for them increases. In particular, fossil fuels are the natural resources in question. Fossil fuels, which include oil, coal, and natural gas, are primarily used for fuel purposes. These natural resources are given the name fossil fuels because of how they are produced. The reason they are called fossil fuels is because they are all made from decayed plants and animals that have been preserved in the earths crust by pressure, bacteria and heat. It takes millions of years for these organisms to chemically change into fossil fuels2. 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Participation Voting Process Opportunity †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Participation Voting Process Gives Them An Opportunity? Answer: Introduction The fact that youths participation in the voting process gives them an opportunity to choose the right government makes the young aged inability to register as voters remain a policy problem in New Zealand. Those youths who are enrolled to vote do not show up on that voting day. This has lead to a loss in new Zealand as the young people who do not register or registered but do not show up on that voting day are expected to be the leaders of tomorrow. The marketing explains why lack of youth participation in New Zealand has been a policy issue in the country. Explain why it is a policy problem Every citizen has a democratic right to vote and elect their leaders in the country. New Zealand's system of government requires that people aged eighteen years and above enroll and vote. There has been an advanced problem of disappearing youth vote in New Zealand. Lack of participation of youth in the voting process has been a big issue influencing democratic process in the country (Cohen Kahne, 2011). Even though statistics show that New Zealand enjoys a high turnout voters enrolment of about 79 percent, young people aged between 18 to 24 ( 19 percent do not register as voters). Background Youths turnout in election process has been dismal in New Zealand. In research, there have been discovered five classes of youths who do not vote in New Zealand. These classes include: convinced and confident, disillusioned and distrustful, politically absent, tentative Triers' and living for the weekend. convinced and confident' and tentative triers' are well motivated and accept to vote, but they do not turn up on the voting day (Duhn, 2010). Others include disillusioned and distrustful, living for the weekend and politically absent. These are people who are not well motivated to vote, but they do vote because they cannot see the importance of voting. Other classes include the disinterested who have weak knowledge about politics, have no motivation to show up on the voting day hence they do not vote. Analysis It has been discovered that in New Zealand the circumstances that hinder the convinced and confident and tentative triers from going to vote are unavoidable events and circumstances which they did not know about while others are intimidated and overwhelmed by the process of politics hence they decide not to vote. The other three which include disillusioned and distrustful, living for the weekend and politically absent are less motivated to show up on that voting day (Furlong, 2016). The barriers that hinder them from showing up include the lack of knowledge about politics and lack of motivation. Others affected mostly by low rates of literacy and lack or very low access to means of transport and communication around them while others are completely apathetic to issues that they consider do not have any effect on their daily lives. Also, the New Zealands government has been showing less concern to the youths concerns, and this contributes to their lack of voter registration. The lack of appreciating the youths value in governance is a major discouraging factor for the young people. Young people in new Zealand are not interested in political matters because of profound or total lack of knowledge about political issues (Ichilov, 2013). Others have very little or no motivation to contribute fully and willingly on voting day. Other people do not go to vote due to individuals convictions regarding the ineffectiveness to that their vote. They believe that to vote is not the best way of influencing politics or bringing changes to New Zealand. Another factor that makes the young people of new Zealand not to vote is that they follow up whether their parents voted the previous elections. This is because the young people follow what their parents are doing. If the parents did not show up on previous election day, the young would consider it not important, and something, not compulsory which is done on willing limpness (James, 2015). This leads youth to unconcerned about the politics. Some of the other barriers that affect New Zealand young people from voting include the negative attitude of seeing to vote is not the solution to bring the changes in New Zealand. The young find it difficult to navigate that voting process due to decline or lack of civic teachers and education in schools, apathy, political alienation, lack of understanding and inconvenience. Discuss policy solutions In New Zealand, the nonpartisan organization and political parties are finding ways and solutions to minimize and end these barriers which hinder the young people from voting. These parties have come up with some solutions which they must do to draw young peoples attention to politics. In the New Zealand have taken a step of addressing the inconvenience aspect on youths by raising the number of polling stations to avoid congestion and time wastage as the people spend a lot of time queuing. This is to remove which may lead to youth discouragement as they do not like to stay the same place for long hours. Also, The registration process in new Zealand has been made easier by making forms for enrollment available in liquor stores, shopping complexes, and big hotels (Wood, 2014). This has enabled the youth to enroll in an easy way at a very near place and in a straightforward way. This is to economics the young people of new Zealand to participate in elections. Also in New Zealand, the political organizations have started to provide the transport means to the polling stations. This is to encourage the youth of New Zealand who does not have transport ways to show up on the voting day. They have also supported the early opening of polling stations in New Zealand so as youths who have other tasks to tackle can vote early and be off to other activities and also reduce congestion in polls (Miller, 2010). Voting campaigns awareness are held in colleges and universities, using text and student media to encourage the young people of New Zealand to enroll as voters and to show up on voting day Due to the high advancement of technology, almost every youth in New Zealand is connected to internet services (Farthing, 2010). The political parties have created websites in social networks such as Facebook, Tweeter, Bebo among many others to motivate youth on campaigns. This makes the young people have the concern about the elections. Also, the political organizations in New Zealand use youth during campaigns to meet their colleagues when social networking, during their peer meeting about the politics, via phone banking among others (Sibley Ward, 2013). This helps the youth to draw attentions when being addressed by their peers hence get motivated to show up during the voting days. Also, the political parties in New Zealand find the celebrity spokespeople mostly from youth to come and speech political issues and events to the youth. Other spokespeople use new technologies such as you tube, music and pop culture to draw youths attention on political matters. Evaluation Research has been done in New Zealand to find solutions towards the failure of youths to vote. The study identifies that the use of websites and social media to reach the youth maybe the best way. This is because a large number of young people in New Zealand can access internet services (Kelsey, 2015). Also, use of young people in campaigns can reach the youth in an easy way and also one can accept easily to get involved in politics. The parents of the young people of New Zealand should make sure they participate fully in the policy. This is because they act as role model to their children (Checkoway, 2011). When parents show a right turn up to politics, also the youth will start to see the importance of the policy in the society. Also, parents should encourage their children to enroll and to vote. The political leaders should aim to campaign in areas with many youths mostly like in colleges, universities and youth meetings. This is to encourage the young people to enroll as voters and to create awareness on the importance of politics in New Zealand. Youth should also be invited to political seminars to know the importance and how they are carried out to stop the young people of New Zealand from considering the politics as hard thing. Also, the youth is also encouraged to vote first even if they want to leave for the weekend. This is enhanced by the early opening of the polling stations so as those who are in a hurry can vote first before leaving for those other activities (Anaya, 2015). This has encouraged the youth of New Zealand mostly to be involved in politics especially in enrolling themselves and showing up on voting day. The government of New Zealand has to educate teachers on political matters to teach the students about politics and their importance to economic progress. Conclusion The lack of active civic education by the government on the youths has been the key contributor to this menace. Also, the public institutions in the country do not value the young peoples ideas, and this has been discouraging them from getting registered as voters. Again, the public officials lack paying attention to youth concerns contributes to their ignorance in the whole election process. Therefore, the government should begin valuing youth concerns, educating them on the importance to vote, and involving them in policy making processes of the country. References Anaya, S. J. (2015). Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples on the Situation of Maori People in New Zealand. Ariz. J. Int'l Comp. L.,32, 1. Checkoway, B. (2011). What is youth participation?.Children and youth services review,33(2), 340-345. Cohen, C. J., Kahne, J. (2011). Participatory politics. New media and youth political action. Duhn, I. (2010). The center is my business': Neo-liberal politics, privatization, and discourses of professionalism in New Zealand. Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood,11(1), 49-60. Farthing, R. (2010). The politics of youthful antipolitics: representing the issueof youth participation in politics.Journal of youth studies,13(2), 181-195. Furlong, A. (Ed.). (2016).Routledge Handbook of Youth and Young Adulthood. Taylor Francis. Ichilov, O. (2013).Citizenship and citizenship education in a changing world. Routledge. James, C. (2015).The quiet revolution: Turbulence and transition in contemporary New Zealand. Bridget Williams Books. Kelsey, J. (2015).The New Zealand experiment: A world model for structural adjustment?.Bridget Williams Books. Miller, R. (2010).New Zealand government and politics. Oxford University Press Management. Sibley, C. G., Ward, C. (2013). Measuring the preconditions for a successful multicultural society: A barometer test of New Zealand.International Journal of Intercultural Relations,37(6), 700-713. Wood, B. E. (2014). Participatory capital: Bourdieu and citizenship education in diverse school communities.British Journal of Sociology of Education,35(4), 578-597.

Two Gentlemen Of Verona monologue from the play by William Shakespeare Essay Example For Students

Two Gentlemen Of Verona monologue from the play by William Shakespeare Essay A monologue from the play by William Shakespeare PROTEUS: To leave my Julia, shall I be forsworn; To love fair Silvia, shall I be forsworn; To wrong my friend, I shall be much forsworn; And ev\n that pow\r which gave me first my oath Provokes me to this threefold perjury. Love bade me swear, and Love bids me forswear. O sweet-suggesting Love, if thou hast sinned, Teach me, thy tempted subject, to excuse it. At first I did adore a twinkling star, But now I worship a celestial sun. Unheedful vows may heedfully be broken, And he wants wit that wants resolved will To learn his wit t\ exchange the bad for better. Fie, fie, unreverend tongue, to call her bad, Whose sovereignty so oft thou hast preferred With twenty thousand soul-confirming oaths! I cannot leave to love, and yet I do; But there I leave to love where I should love. Julia I lose and Valentine I lose. If I keep them, I needs must lose myself; If I lose them, thus find I by their loss: For Valentine, myself; for Julia, Silvia. I to myself am dearer than a friend, For love is still most precious in itself, And Silvia witness heaven that made her fair! Shows Julia but a swarthy Ethiope. I will forget that Julia is alive, Rememb\ring that my love to her is dead, And Valentine I\ll hold an enemy, Aiming at Silvia as a sweeter friend. I cannot now prove constant to myself Without some treachery used to Valentine. This night he meaneth with a corded ladder To climb celestial Silvia\s chamber window, Myself in counsel, his competitor. Now presently I\ll give her father notice Of their disguising and pretended flight, Who, all enraged, will banish Valentine; For Thurio, he intends, shall wed his daughter. But, Valentine being gone, I\ll quickly cross By some sly trick blunt Thurio\s dull proceeding. Love, lend me wings to make my purpose swift, As thou hast lent me wit to plot this drift. We will write a custom essay on Two Gentlemen Of Verona monologue from the play by William Shakespeare specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

School work Essay

School work Essay School work Essay The March that was heard around the world More than 250,000 people marched along the Washington Monument, to cheer on Martin Luther King Jr. as his words boomed as he said his life changing speech. Things lead up the big March on Washington, like slavery, and having people earn their freedom by working for years or until you die. Also having everything segregated like libraries, schools, hospitals, and even drinking fountains. Not only is that if you colored it are hard to find a nice place to live and to be treated kindly. Just think about a colored person walking on the streets and you see him do nothing to anyone but someone pushed him or her on the ground just because their â€Å"black†. In some places they won’t even serve you because you are different. At the park in some places they won’t let you play with because their mother won’t allow it. Yes, I do believe the March on Washington was successful and did reach its goals. The March on Washington in 1963, changed things like colored can go to the same schools and now play baseball in the major leagues and participate in the military. Freedom on the bus and even unsegregated most public places like parks and stores. Before the march people were really shocked that they let Jackie Roberson play baseball in the major leagues and Rosa Parks not moving when a white guy came on the bus. â€Å"We couldn’t afford to ride the bus.† Avery said in the magazine Upfront. All of that basically showed people why they needed to come and help. Little black nine was nine black kids who were trying to unsegregated schools in 1957. Also it helped the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act. In 1964 one year after the march President Lyndon b, Johnson signed the civil rights act with Martian Luther king Jr. looking at him. This act outlaws segregation in employment, public education, and public facilities. â€Å"Racism is still with us but it is important to prepare our children for that it is everywhere to meet and ho pefully overcome.† – Rosa Parks This quote is

Death penalty should not be abolished essays

Death penalty should not be abolished essays The death penalty, probably the most controversial of all legal punishments for prisoners, its the one that I have to write about now. For some people is the perfect solution as a punishment, for others its a cruel way to take revenge. Lets take a look to the penalty. What it basically is about is to take the worst scum of society and by any means kill it (because can be male or female). The penalty has many ways to take effect, there is the electrical chair, in which a 20,000 or more volt current is passed through the body until the individual dies; the gas chamber which basically the prisoner is seated in a small chamber and then the chamber is then flooded with toxic gas; and like this there are many ways. In Guatemala weve had only two ways of death penalty, execution and lethal injection. For me the best way was the execution method because on the lethal injection method, the prisoner is put down to sleep before he dies, so he doesnt feel a thing. Instead in the execution method, in spite of its an ugly scene, the prisoner felt every shot that were like fifteen shots. Now, people say Oh! Poor guy or It didnt meant to do it, spare his life but they are only seeing the half filled glass, because on the other side of the story, the prisoner could have killed a 6 month old baby or raped a 7 year old girl, before killing her, so it would be a life filled with tension moments for the parents of the victim only to know that the killer or rapper is still alive and could escape or get free on parole and strike again. The most amazing story of a prisoner who still is alive and, if it werent for the state abolition of this penalty, he would be executed, is the famous Charlie Manson story. He tortured and killed thirteen persons in one night, including 2 Hollywood stars. He got life in prison and the family of the victims, right now; its probable that ...

Three major aspects of colonial takeover of American lands based on Essay

Three major aspects of colonial takeover of American lands based on Foreigners in Their Native Land - Essay Example Three major aspects of colonial takeover of American lands based on â€Å"Foreigners in Their Native Land† The first component of the chapter looked at the war against Mexico where foreigners taking over the land of Mexico turned around to be lords of the land and battled the original natives of the land. Essentially, the writer used this part of the chapter to drum home the unfortunate beginning of racial supremacy in the American continent.Further on in the chapter, there is a discussion on the entrenched position taken by the English to conquer at all cost, as a refusal to do that makes them robbers. The final part of the chapter discusses the outcome of the fight, which was an obvious win for the strangers, occupying and conquering at the same time because of their ideological supremacy. Chapter 12 It is more like it is in this chapter that the effect of the struggle that had gone on between the Mexicans and the English was discussed. This is because part of the chapter looked at how the English lived with the Mexicans there after the war. In the chapter, we are told of how right afte r the war, the Mexicans were made to further sprinkle the field with the sweat of their brows because they were captured as servants and slaves in their own land. But after a while, there were mixed marriages, which became an era of coherent living. But in most cases of these marriages, it was observed that the eventual benefactors of the marriages were the English. This is because they were the ones who married Mexican women and subjected them and their male offspring to hard labor. Pages 361-367 Among the many mixtures of people from different geographic backgrounds who had come to be part of the American nation as Americans were the Mexicans, who according to the writer, were mainly found in the area of presidio of Tucson from 1773 and seeking protection against the Apaches. But throughout the pages 361 to 367 of the book, the writer brings out some key characteristics of these people, who became known as the Mexican Americans. Typically, the Mexican Americans are identified to b e battling inferiority complex as they search for an identity. This search was supposed to be an expected event because these people, who were originally from Mexico where not being offered the opportunity to be live by the very native nature and identity that they bore (Gramsci, 1971). Pages 426-433 In what may be referred to as a typical conclusion, the writer finishes the book with an admonition for change and empowerment. This is because throughout the book, acts of identity misplacement and misplaced priorities had plagued most people who otherwise should have been in the position to stand very firm and defended what belonged to them. From page 426 to 433, the focus of the writer was on Mexico, whom he labeled as being the Beckoned North. The Mexicans were classified as being beckoned because of the indication they had started giving to people from other backgrounds who had suffered similar things as they suffered. In comparison to the African Americans, the writer saw the Mexi cans as being able to take their own destinies in their hands much quickly and making amends for themselves. Journal Entry 8: Kaleidoscope Pages 31-47 These are pages where the story of Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca is told from de Vaca’s own perspective and according to his original narratives. Generally, de Vaca tells the story of his life and other people as they made expedition through the New World in 1527 in what became known as the Narvaez expedition. As one of only four survivors, the story is revisited as a message to the current world of the power in a determing power to endure. This is because even though de Vaca had gone through several trialing times including being a slave, he could eventually wait for that new reconnection with Spanish

Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Criminal Justice - Essay Example Recent studies have revealed however, that the law did not only fail to meet its purposes but it has, at times, became a tool of injustice. The idea of a Three Strikes Law became compelling in the early 1990s because of the proliferation of serious crimes and several widely publicized cases. The cases of Polly Klass, a 23-year old girl, who was abducted and murdered in California and Diane Ballasiotes, a Washington resident who was raped and murdered served as catalysts to the adoption of the law. In both cases, the culprits were parolees. Thus, in 1993, Washington adopted the Three-Strikes Law and a year later California passed and ratified theirs. The fundamental feature of this law is that it increases the penalty of convicted offenders on their third conviction (Samaha 2005 p. 376). To date, thirty-six states, in addition to the earlier two, have three-strike laws (Other States 2002). In 2002, the Justice Policy Institute conducted a research on the impact of the law. The study which covers the period from 1993-2002 shows that California had imposed the law four times the number of those of the other striking states, combined. Yet, as shown on Table 1, there is not much significance in the change of crime rates between striking and non-striking states (Schiraldi et al pp 9, 13-16). The study also compared the crime rate decline in California and the state of New York, a non-striking state, in the same given period. Surprisingly, New York outperformed California both in Index Crime Rate and Violent Crime Rate decline, as shown in Table 2 (Schiraldi p 10). The Criminal Defense Clinic of the Stanford Law School recently reviewed cases of incarcerated offenders under California’s Three Strikes Law (Three Strikes Sanity 2009). To date, four offenders have been freed after judges were persuaded to take a second look at their cases. Most of these convicts had prior convictions in drug and theft, as well

Kant Moral Ethics Essay Example for Free

Kant Moral Ethics Essay Immanuel Kants moral theory can be best explained by comparing it to a math equation. Kants moral system will always hold true no matter what the circumstance just like how two plus two will always equal four. According to Kant, our lives should be lived according to maxims that can be willed into universal law (Kant, Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals, p 303). However the action regarding a moral decision is not judged by the consequences of that action, rather by the motive of that action. Kants the method of moral reasoning starts off by first realizing the principle the rational agent is acting under. To fully understand what this means, a rational agent is to be defined as an entity who is capable of making rational decisions regardless of their natural inclinations. This condition excludes such examples as, animals, infants, and people in a coma from being considered to be a rational agent because they do not show the capacity to reason. After realizing the principle the person is acting under, determine if the reason is morally right. In order to determine if the maxim is ethical and able to be willed into universal law, it must pass three tests: autonomy, respect for humanity, and the kingdom of ends. Autonomy describes the feeling of accomplishment. This can be illustrated as a man who promises his wife that he will take off the weekend from golfing and file their tax reports. By keeping his promise to his wife he not only feels the satisfaction from finishing their tax report but also, more importantly feels good about following through with his promise. Autonomy is important because if the husband breaks his promises and lives his life as a promise breaker then this maxim is clearly self-defeating. The entire maxim of promising to break promises does not pass the test of autonomy therefore could never be passed as a universal law. However, if after passing the autonomy test, then a principle must also respect everyone elses autonomy. In order to respect humanity, make decisions that show an overall concern for rational agents. If by treating them as a rational agent, then the principle will not affect another persons ability rationalize. In order to do this, it is never acceptable to treat a rational being as merely a means (Kant, Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals, p 307). That is to say, the act of rape treats the rational agent as a means to sexual gratification. The act of rape does not respect the agent as a rational being and could never be willed into a moral universal law. However if a principle was able to pass the first two conditions, then it is necessary to subject it to the kingdom of ends test. The kingdom of ends is composed of a group of rational agents all with different objectives in life. The importance of having different objectives in life insures that all perspectives and backgrounds have been covered. These agents have been given the responsibility of creating a free society. A free society entails laws that every rational agent in that society would agree upon. If the principle is not a measure that the kingdom of ends would enact, then the principle, by Kants definition, is immoral. Let us analyze the principle of apathy. Living an apathetic life does indeed pass the test of autonomy and by showing indifference to other rational agents it also passes the test of humanity. However, apathy would not pass the kingdom of ends, as no rational being would accept such a maxim. As a result, an apathetic life could not be passed as universal law. As an example, we will refer back to the persecution of Jews during World War II. Say a man is hiding a Jew in his house and the Gestapo comes knocking on door. However, as the Gestapo questions the man of the whereabouts of the Jew, the man cannot lie and say that no one is hiding within his house, but at the same time, if he were to tell the truth he would be indirectly bringing harm upon himself and the Jew. The man should question the Gestapo about what they plan on doing to the Jew once they have located him. According to Kant, consequences have no relevance, although if all possible consequences were known, then it would be permissible to lightly take them into account. Since telling the truth by giving the Gestapo the whereabouts of the Jew would bring direct harm, it is permissible to lie. The maxim would be to never lie unless the truth results direct or indirect harm. This maxim respects autonomy and human nature and would be pass the kingdom of ends test and thus can be willed into universal moral law. Now take the case of Harry and Sally, according to Kantian moral reasoning, should Sally seduce Harry? If Sally were to seduce Harry by taking him back to her place and having sex with him, she would be using him as a means to her ends. By Sally using Harry simply as a means to achieve her ends, that moral decision is breaking a fundamental Kantian principle. Using people as only a means is never acceptable. The difference between Sally seducing Harry into sex and Sally having consensual sex with Harry is the difference of deception and coercion. According to Mappes, deception and coercion are the methods for sexually using someone (Mappes, Sexual Morality, p. 166). The whole idea is based off the respect for an individual person to voluntarily make their own decisions. By deceiving someone, it is clearly misleading a person to make a decision that they would not have made, had it been on their own regard. However the objection can be made that Sally should do what ultimately brings her pleasure. Using Utilitarian morality, something that results in the greater pleasure, or avoidance of harm, of the populations involved is morally correct. Even though Harry is somewhat apprehensive of the whole casual sex idea, he is not defiant or strongly against it. It can even be reasoned that Harry might even enjoy himself once him and Sally are having sex. And also, casual sex is perfectly okay if there is no lying, deceiving, or exploiting (Elliston, In Defense of Promiscuity, p. 170). I believe Ellistons definition of deceiving is different that Kants definition. Kant covers all and any type of deception as immoral. Elliston agrees that deception is indeed immoral, but his definition of deception would be a man telling a woman he does not have herpes when indeed he does. As long as sex is consensual, there is no harm. Sally would only be seducing Harry back to her house under, say, the premise to watch a movie, however when the actual act of intercourse happens, Harry is not being deceived at all. Even with the arguments above, Sally would ultimately be using Harry simply as a means to achieve her ends of sexual pleasure. By using Kantian morality, Sally should not pressure Harry to going home with her nor should she try to seduce him. Kant reasons that human beings have been given this gift of free will to act as the dividing line between humans and animals. Animals are considered animals because they lack the ability to rationalize. What then, is the ultimate value and purpose of having a free will? If the point of having a free will was to seek pleasure and avoid harm, then we are nothing more than animals and have wasted this ability to reason. Instead, humans have free will so they could follow moral law. Therefore, follow moral law even in situations where social laws or natural inclinations could conflict. By following Kants moral reasoning, what we do in our lives is right not only because we ourselves believe it to be right but also since we have willed it to become universal law, it could not possibly be wrong. The maxims that we base our lives on are intrinsically good because we are able to will it into universal law. Therefore, moral decisions made using Kants ideas can be applied universally. Kants ideas show respect for humanity and peoples decisions are not made for selfish pleasure seeking reasons by treating people as a means, but rather they are made based on universal morals and by treating everybody as an rational agent. By following Kants moral reasoning a rational agent will be able to make the right decision when faced with any type of moral dilemma.

Commentary on Like Water for Chocolate by Laura Esquivel Essay examples

Commentary on Like Water for Chocolate by Laura Esquivel The novel Like Water for Chocolate is the story of a woman fighting tradition in quest for love and freedom. The novel has diverse relations of apathy and love between the characters. The author Esquivel illustrates these relations by the use of the colors red and white. Throughout the novel Like Water for Chocolate, Laura Esquivel uses the colors red and white to symbolize love and apathy in the relationships between the characters. Laura Esquivel uses the color red to symbolize love and passion in relationships. In the following quote "Mamma Elena had come to get a sheet or something and had caught Tita red-handed."(p. 136) The little box that contained mamma Elena's old love letters with her old love, Jose Trevino. Tita, being caught 'red-handed' may symbolize that her hands had been stained and contaminated with the love that was concealed inside the box. Another quote that reinforces the motif red is when Tita asked Nacha is she was to add more food coloring...

Directed Writing †Welcoming Speech Essay

You are the school head prefect and your principal is asking you to prepare a welcoming speech in conjunction with the enrolment of 800 new form 1 students to your school Prepare a welcoming speech and use the following points to assist you in the preparation of your speech: *To ensure the discipline of school is strictly adhered to. *Demerit points awarded to students who breach the code of conduct. *Behave properly and talk politely with seniors and other visitors. *Proper attires at all times,no punk hair/coloured hair. *Get active and enrol in club and socities activities *Strictly no celullar phones. *Maintain and uphold the school acdemic achievements Your speech must follow the proper format. Higher marks awarded on language,presentation and clarity. This text is not edited: You may please identify any grammatical /spelling errors or on ideas and presentation. A very good morning for our beloved principal Mr. Haji Ismail bin Haji Syafiq, respected teachers and all my friends. This morning, I felt very honoured to speak to our junior level 1 about 800 of them. Welcome to SMK Pengkalan Chepa 2, Padang Tembak. You are now members of this school and so it is very important for you to protect the good name of this school. As the Head Prefect of the school, it is my duty and responsibility to ensure that these discipline code are strictly adhered to Firstly , you cannot bring mobile phones, cannot have colored hair, your school uniform must not be tight.The hair should be short and the shoes must be all white.Leather shoes are strictly not allowed except for the prefects where they are allowed to wear black leather shoes.All forms of jewelleries are not allowed to be wear inside the school compound. Remember , If you fail to comply with these regulations,then punishment shall be imposed on you.You will be most likely suspended or expelled from school. The members of this school are encouraged to be polite and well behaved not only among yourselves but also to your seniors in form 2,3,4 and 5.In addition you are also compelled to behave in front of the teachers.If there are visitors such as parents and any officials from any organisation outside there,you are required to wish them and respect them.This is our culture in this school and everybody must behave so that we can uphold the image and reputation of this school. Dear friends, It is also important for you to be enrolled in societies and clubs that we have in this school.We have many of them and some include mathematics,sejarah, english and bahasa melayu.As for the clubs,we have taekwando,silat gayong and chess.You can enrol in clubs and socities that you think,you can carry them until you reach form5. For your information ,this school use demerit points for each offence committed by each student. If the students collect more than 10 demerit points,then the student can be penalized and their parents will be call out. . Remember,. I hope that you all as a new student can uphold the school’s name.

Daddy-Long-Legs analysis Essay

The text under analysis is a passage from an epistolary novel written by a well-known American writer Jean Webster. She was active politically and socially, and often included issues of interest in her books. This book is written in belles-lettres style. The story has a narrative presentation and the subject of the extract is drown from life. The author places herself in the position of the main character. The main character is a Judy. The novel episode by episode describes the life of Judy in the College. It’s unfolded through the first person narration (an â€Å"I-story†), as it’s written in the form of letters of Judy to Mr. Daddy-Long-Legs, a rich man whom she has never seen. This extract is the first letter of Judy to Mr. Smith. The style of the letter is informal.It is written in emotional tone,what corresponds definite difficulties for translation. The language of this letter is full of syntactical means. There is example of gradation : ‘It seems strange for me to be writing letters to somebody you don’t know. It seems strange to be writing letters at all’.We can reproduce it with the help of such grammatical transformation as transposition : . The translator can use the following grammatical transformation ,for example, replacement:1)when we change Active Voice on Passive Voice, e.g. Before leaving yesterday morning, Mrs. Lippett and I had a very serious talk.- ПÐ µÃ'€Ð µÃ ´ Ð ¼Ã ¾Ã ¸Ã ¼ Ð ¾Ã'‚Ã'ŠÐ µÃ ·Ã ´Ã ¾Ã ¼, Ð ²Ã'‡Ð µÃ'€Ð ° Ã'Æ'Ã'‚Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¼, Ã'Æ' Ð ½Ã °Ã'  Ã'  Ð ¼Ã ¸Ã' Ã' Ã ¸Ã'  ЛÐ ¸Ã ¿Ã ¿Ã µÃ'‚Ã'‚ Ã' Ã ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã' Ã »Ã' Ã'  Ã' Ã µÃ'€Ã'Å'Ð µÃ ·Ã ½Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ã'€Ð °Ã ·Ã ³Ã ¾Ã ²Ã ¾Ã'€.2) When we change a noun on the verb, e.g. I will write you a description- Ð ¯ Ð ¾Ã ¿Ã ¸Ã'ˆÃ'Æ' Ð’Ð °Ã ¼ Ð µÃ ³Ã ¾. By translati on the embedding can be used, e.g. I will write you a description later when I’m feeling less confused- Ð ¯ Ð ¾Ã ¿Ã ¸Ã'ˆÃ'Æ' Ð’Ð °Ã ¼ Ð µÃ ³Ã ¾ Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ·Ã ¶Ã µ, Ð ºÃ ¾Ã ³Ã ´Ã ° Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¹Ã ´Ã µÃ'‚ Ð ¼Ã ¾Ã µ Ð ¿Ã µÃ'€Ð ²Ã ¾Ã µ Ð ·Ã °Ã ¼Ã µÃ'ˆÐ °Ã'‚Ð µÃ »Ã'Å'Ã' Ã'‚Ð ²Ã ¾. There is an example of conversion, when we use the replacement, e.g. †¦having somebody take an interest in me after all these years, makes me feel as though I had found a sort of family.- Ð ¢Ã ¾Ã'‚ Ã'„Ð °Ã ºÃ'‚, Ã'‡Ã'‚Ð ¾ Ð ºÃ'‚Ð ¾Ã¢â‚¬â€˜Ã'‚Ð ¾ Ð ·Ã °Ã ¸Ã ½Ã'‚Ð µÃ'€Ð µÃ' Ã ¾Ã ²Ã °Ã »Ã' Ã'  Ð ¼Ã ½Ã ¾Ã ¹ Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã' Ã »Ã µ Ð ²Ã' Ã µÃ'… Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¸Ã'… Ð »Ã µÃ'‚, Ð ²Ã'‹Ð ·Ã'‹Ð ²Ã °Ã µÃ'‚ Ð ²Ã ¾ Ð ¼Ã ½Ã µ Ã'‚Ð °Ã ºÃ ¾Ã µ Ã'‡Ã'Æ'Ð ²Ã' Ã'‚Ð ²Ã ¾, Ã' Ã »Ã ¾Ã ²Ã ½Ã ¾ Ã'  Ð ¾Ã ±Ã'€Ð µÃ »Ã ° Ð ½Ã µÃ'‡Ã'‚Ð ¾ Ð ²Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ´Ã µ Ã' Ã µÃ ¼Ã'Å'Ð ¸. There is an idiom, which one can translate with the help of phraseological equivalent, e.g. a great deal-Ð ¼Ã ½Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ¾. The author uses such lexical expressive means as antonomasia.It is presented here by the so-called â€Å"speaking names†, which intrduce informality into the  letter and difficulties for translation,e.g. Daddy-Long-Legs -ДÐ »Ã ¸Ã ½Ã ½Ã ¾Ã ½Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ¸Ã ¹ ПÐ °Ã ¿Ã ¾Ã'‡Ð ºÃ ° (daddy — Ã'€Ð °Ã ·Ã ³. Ð ¿Ã °Ã ¿Ã °, Ð ¿Ã °Ã ¿Ã ¾Ã'‡Ð ºÃ °; Ã'‚Ð ¶. daddy-long-legs — Ð ´Ã ¾Ã »Ã ³Ã ¾Ã ½Ã ¾Ã ¶Ã ºÃ ° /Ð ½Ã °Ã' Ã µÃ ºÃ ¾Ã ¼Ã ¾Ã µ/; Ð ¿Ã °Ã'Æ'Ð º-Ã' Ã µÃ ½Ã ¾Ã ºÃ ¾Ã' Ã µÃ'†) ; Dear Kind-Trustee-Who-Sends-Orphans-to-College- 1)Ã'Æ'Ð ²Ã °Ã ¶Ã °Ã µÃ ¼Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ð ´Ã ¾Ã ±Ã'€Ã'‹Ð ¹-Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ¿Ã µÃ'‡Ð ¸Ã'‚Ð µÃ »Ã'Å'-Ð ºÃ ¾Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã'€Ã'‹Ð ¹-Ð ¾Ã'‚Ð ¿Ã'€Ð °Ã ²Ã »Ã' Ã µÃ'‚-Ã' Ã ¸Ã'€Ð ¾Ã'‚-Ð ²-Ð ºÃ ¾Ã »Ã »Ã µÃ ´Ã ¶;2) ДÐ ¾Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ³Ã ¾Ã ¹ ДÐ ¾Ã ±Ã'€Ã'‹Ð ¹Ã¢â‚¬â€˜ÃÅ¸Ã ¾Ã ¿Ã µÃ'‡Ð ¸Ã'‚Ð µÃ »Ã'Å'‑ПÐ ¾Ã' Ã'‹Ð »Ã °Ã'ŽÃ'‰Ð ¸Ã ¹Ã¢â‚¬â€˜Ã ¡Ã ¸Ã'€Ð ¾Ã'‚‑Ð ²Ã¢â‚¬â€˜ÃÅ¡Ã ¾Ã »Ã »Ã µÃ ´Ã ¶; Mr. Girl-Hater –1)ÐÅ"Ð ¸Ã' Ã'‚Ð µÃ'€ Ðâ€"Ð µÃ ½Ã ¾Ã ½Ã µÃ ½Ã °Ã ²Ã ¸Ã' Ã ½Ã ¸Ã º, 2) ÐÅ"Ð ¸Ã' Ã'‚Ð µÃ'€ ПÃ'€Ð ¾Ã'‚Ð ¸Ã ²Ã ½Ã ¸Ã º ДÐ µÃ ²Ã'Æ'Ã'ˆÐ µÃ º; Mr. Rich-Man- 1)ÐÅ"Ð ¸Ã' Ã'‚Ð µÃ'€ БÐ ¾Ã ³Ã °Ã'‡, 2) ÐÅ"Ð ¸Ã' Ã'‚Ð µÃ'€ Ð ¢Ã ¾Ã »Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã' Ã'Æ'Ð ¼. There are also some prope names, which should be transcribed , e.g. Mrs. Lippett- Ð ¼Ã ¸Ã' Ã' Ã ¸Ã'  ЛÐ ¸Ã ¿Ã ¿Ã µÃ'‚Ã'‚, John Smith- ДÐ ¶Ã ¾Ã ½ Ð ¡Ã ¼Ã ¸Ã'‚, John Grier Home- Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¸Ã'ŽÃ'‚ ДÐ ¶Ã ¾Ã ½Ã ° ГÃ'€Ð ¸Ã'€Ð °(ГÃ'€Ð °Ã ¹Ã µÃ'€Ð °). The lexical expressive means as similie can be find,e.g. I feel like a fire horse all of the time- Ã'  Ð ²Ã' Ã µ Ð ²Ã'€Ð µÃ ¼Ã'  Ã'‡Ã'Æ'Ð ²Ã' Ã'‚Ð ²Ã'Æ'Ã'Ž Ã' Ã µÃ ±Ã' , Ã' Ã »Ã ¾Ã ²Ã ½Ã ¾ Ð »Ã ¾Ã'ˆÐ °Ã ´Ã'Å' Ð ¿Ã µÃ'€Ð µÃ ´ Ã' Ã'‚Ð °Ã'€Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ¼/ Ã'  Ã'‡Ã'Æ'Ð ²Ã' Ã'‚Ð ²Ã'Æ'Ã'Ž Ã' Ã µÃ ±Ã'  Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ¶Ã °Ã'€Ð ½Ã ¾Ã ¹ Ð »Ã ¾Ã'ˆÐ °Ã ´Ã'Å'Ã'Ž Ð ²Ã' Ã µ Ð ²Ã'€Ð µÃ ¼Ã' . The author achieves the humorous effect because of so-called Speaking Names and funny tone of the whole letter, for example ,a rethorical question: â€Å"Why couldn’t you have picked out a name with a little personality? »-  « ПÐ ¾Ã'‡Ð µÃ ¼Ã'Æ' Ð ²Ã'‹ Ð ½Ã µ Ð ²Ã'‹Ð ±Ã'€Ð °Ã »Ã ¸ Ð ¸Ã ¼Ã'  Ã'  Ã'…Ð ¾Ã'‚Ã'Å' Ã'‡Ã'Æ'Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã'‡Ð ºÃ ¾Ã ¹ Ð ¸Ã ½Ã ´Ã ¸Ã ²Ã ¸Ã ´Ã'Æ'Ð °Ã »Ã'Å'Ð ½Ã ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¸? » The writing style helps us to understand better the chaming character of Jerusha Abbot t, her naive and witty thoughts and ideas.The translator should keep the atmosphere of the text and retain all syntactical and lexical expressive means.

Genealogy and Jewish Last Name Origins

Genealogy and Jewish Last Name Origins Many of the names that people think sound Jewish are, in fact, simple German, Russian, or Polish surnames. You generally cant identify Jewish ancestry by a surname alone. Actually, there are really only three surnames (and their variations) that are generally specifically Jewish: Cohen, Levy, and Israel. Yet, even variations of these common Jewish-specific surnames may not be Jewish in origin. The surnames Cohan and even Cohen, for example, could instead be an Irish surname, derived from OCadham (descendant of Cadhan). Clues to Surnames That May Be Jewish While few names are specifically Jewish, there are certain surnames that are more commonly found among Jews: Names ending in -berg (Weinberg, Goldberg)Names ending in -stein (Einstein, Hofstein)Names ending in -witz (Rabinowitz, Horowitz)Names ending in -baum (Metzenbaum, Himmelbaum)Names ending in -thal (Blumenthal, Eichenthal)Names ending in -ler (Adler, Winkler)Names ending in -feld (Seinfeld, Berkenfeld)Names ending in -blum (Weissblum, Rosenblum)Names  having to do with  wealth (Goldberg, Silverstein)Names derived from Hebrew words (Mizrachi, from mizrakhi, meaning eastern, or easterner) Some Jewish surnames may originate from professions that are exclusive to Jews. The surname Shamash, and its variations such as Klausner, Templer, and Shuldiner, means shamash, a synagogue sexton. Chazanian, Chazanski, and Chasanov all derive from chazan, a cantor. Another common origin for  Jewish surnames are house names, referring to a distinctive sign attached to a house in the days before street numbers and addresses (a practice primarily in Germany, by both Gentiles and Jews). The most famous of these Jewish house names is Rothschild,  or red shield, for a house distinguished by a red sign. Many Common Jewish Last Names Sound German Many Jewish-sounding surnames are actually German in origin. This may be due to a  1787 Austro-Hungarian law  that required Jews to register a permanent family surname, a name they also required to be German. The decree also required that all surnames that had previously been used in Jewish families, such as those originating from a place where the family lived, should be totally abandoned.  The chosen names were subject to the approval of Austrian officials, and if a name was not chosen, one was assigned.   In 1808, Napoleon issued a similar decree that compelled Jews outside of Germany and Prussia to adopt a surname within three months of the decree, or within three months of moving into the French Empire. Similar laws requiring Jewish people to adopt permanent surnames were passed at various times by different countries, some well into the latter half of the 19th century. A Surname Alone Cant Identify Jewish Ancestry While many of the above surnames have a greater likelihood of belonging to a Jewish family, you cant assume that any of the last names are actually Jewish, no matter how Jewish they may sound to you, or how many Jewish families you know with that name. The third most common Jewish surname in America (after Cohen and Levy) is Miller, which is also obviously a very common surname for Gentiles as well. Resources and Further Reading Rieder, Estee. â€Å"Whats in a Name?† Mishpacha Magazine, Jewish World Review, 2007.

Avoiding Ice and Snow Damage to Trees

Avoiding Ice and Snow Damage to Trees Brittle tree species that retain dead, persistent winter leaves normally take the brunt of heavy icing after a winter storm. Knowing and managing your brittle trees and you can make it through a normal ice storm. Many of the elms, most true poplars (not yellow poplar), silver maples, birches, willows, and hackberry are tree species that simply cant handle the weight of the ice slurry coating their limbs, persistent leaves, and needles. They do well with the snows of the north but have problems in areas that have regular ice storms. Cold climate conifers like fir, spruce and hemlock can handle moderate icing. Southern yellow pines usually take a beating during major icing events that occur on the edge of their natural range. Brittle trees tend to be fast growers. Because of their desirable growth potential and the prospect of making quick shade, weak trees are sought out and planted by homeowners in late winter ice zones. Planting these trees will only exacerbate the problem of limb breakage during heavy icing. Fast-growing trees often develop weak, V-shaped crotches that easily split apart under the added weight of ice. Because these trees usually take some damage from storms throughout the year, internal rot, decay and included bark (some of which you cannot readily see) lead to weakened trunks and limbs (some callery pears). Multiple leader, upright evergreens, such as arborvitae and juniper, and multiple leader or clump trees, such as birch, are most subject to snow and ice damage. Smaller trees need to be wrapped and larger trees with wide-spreading leaders should be cabled in ice-prone areas. Here are things you can do in the yard or landscape to prevent ice damage: Plant Only Strong Trees in Your Landscape Certain trees are popular year in and year out for a reason - they show well and live well. Prefer these trees but eliminate those I have mentioned that door poorly in ice-prone regions.   Brittle Species Should Not Be Planted These species will not do well on sites where heavy ice and snow is a problem. Brittle species include elm, willow, box-elder, hackberry, true poplar and silver maple. Avoid Planting Species With Persistent Leaves Species  that hold their persistent leaves into late fall and early winter where early ice storms are common isnt a great idea. These trees are quickly damaged and removed where the ice storm is common. Wrap Small Multi-Leader Trees So you have a valuable, small specimen you want to preserve. If ice is predicted, secure the tree with strips of carpet, strong cloth or nylon stockings two-thirds of the way above the weak crotches. Always remove any wrapping during spring to avoid binding new growth and girdling limbs and trunk. Begin an Annual Pruning Program When Trees Are Young There is not much you can do with a weak crotch so use tip 4. Prune dead or weakened limbs and excessive branches from trunk and crowns. This reduces ice weight that can rapidly destroy the trees form. Hire a Professional Arborist The expense is worth it for particularly valuable susceptible or wide-spreading large trees. An arborist can strengthen a tree by installing cabling or bracing on weak limbs and split crotches. Favor Conical Formed Trees Trees like conifers, sweetgum or yellow poplar will be robust additions to your landscape. Species with less branch surface area, such as black walnut, sweetgum, ginkgo, Kentucky coffeetree, white oak, and northern red oak are preferred.

Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 16

Case Study - Essay Example However; the company development has gone unnoticed due to poor marketing strategies. The company has avoided external capital for 15 years and it has also developed a fear of venture capital and this has prevented it to rise in profitability for long. The company recently partnered with which has strengthened TEOCO without changing the culture of our organization. This paper therefore seeks to analyze the business environment and strategies of TEOCO Company analyzing various factors that contribute to its success. Over the years there have been external forces and industry conditions that have contributed to its performance. The external forces that include competition have affected the company’s performance to a greater level. This competitors Vibrant and Broad margin have been at the forefront in the provision of the same products. The competitors had low prices and this gave TEOCO Company really tough time to make profits and this affected the performance. The company conditions also affected the company performance at a greater extent. There has been a partnership agreement with TA Associates. The firm had made a minority equity investment of $60 million in TEOCO.This has boosted the capital base of the TEOCO company which was at the verge of collapsing. This has enabled the company to further increase its profitability. TA Associates which is the largest private equity firms in the country, managing more than $16 billion in capital by 2009, had an impressive network of relationships. This is important in the growth of TEOCO which tend to enjoy the free marketing of their services. The partnering company has also extensive knowledge of the industry. This enables TEOCO to be able to develop the products that are needed in the market. This enables the company to be able to meet the demand of the of the current market through having a shared knowledge of the

Article review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Article review - Essay Example For example: In motivation and self-directed learning; the author stated that allowing the students to read instructions or to decide their preferred learning strategy could trains them to be self-directed learners as it increases student’s motivation, sense of competence, reading comprehension, and strategy use. Article III – The literature part is comprehensive since it provides general information such as the races that migrates to Portugal in the past up to now; the national institutional regulations on the academic achievements of migrant children; etc. Article III – Quantitative survey questionnaires were used to gather data required to test the correlation among the variables related to socio-economic status, nationality, and the history of their family migration with school performance. The authors adopted Portes and Rumbaut’s (2001) questionnaire design. Article III – A total of 1,843 respondents participated in the survey. Respondents are composed of 53% Portuguese children, 44.3% immigrant children, and 1.9% emigrants. Target respondents are students between the age bracket of 14 to 24 including few students who are about to turn 14 years old. The authors did not mention whether they have randomly selected the respondents from the state secondary schools in Oeiras – a municipal located in the Greater Lisbon Metropolitan Area in Portugal. Article III – Aside from testing the variables related to socio-economic status, nationality, and the history of their family migration with school performance, the researchers used two-fold category for children born in Portugal of first generation immigrant parents; and those born abroad with the exception that those who were born abroad and came to Portugal before the age of six were included in the first category. The purpose of categorizing the respondents is to test whether migration is a factor for

Patterns of Trade A Closer Look at Two Countries Essay

Patterns of Trade A Closer Look at Two Countries - Essay Example This led to very close ties with the Middle East, South America, US, Singapore, Japan and other South East Asian countries in terms of trade. The failure of a number of South East Asian economies such as Hong Kong, Thailand and Indonesia in the 1990s had little impact on the economy of Australia. Even the political events in the neighboring countries, such as commotions in Fiji and Indonesia, have had no effect on Australia's international trade (IMF, 1999). Australia mainly exports minerals such as gold, aluminum, iron ore and coal as well as transport equipment, machinery, cotton, wheat and meat. The largest importer of Australia's products is Japan, which bought products worth about $9 billion in 1999. The US was second after importing products worth about $4 billion. Other major importers are Italy, Malaysia, Indonesia, UK, Singapore, China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, New Zealand and South Korea. As can be seen, eight out of the top twelve importers of Australian products are from Asia (IMF, 1999). Australia mainly imports clothing, aircraft equipment, pharmaceutical and medical products, oil products, telecommunications equipment, computers and office machinery, transport equipment; mainly motor vehicles, and machinery. The US is the largest exporter of its products to Australia, having exported about $10 billion worth of products in 1999. Australia also gets lots of imports from Malaysia, Italy, Singapore, Taiwan, Indonesia, New Zealand, South Korea, Germany, China, the UK and Japan (IMF, 1999). The recent value depreciation of the Australian dollar against the US dollar could affect its current trade deficit, since Australian's exports have become cheaper than its imports. On the other hand, a weak Australian currency gives it a competitive advantage over the US, Canada and other countries that sell raw materials to Japan among other countries. The main disadvantage is that the imported goods become expensive since more money is required to buy the same product. Australians may therefore find imported goods too costly and even stop buying them, leading to a decrease in these imports while the exports continue increasing. If this continues, it could lead to a drop in the deficit level (OECD, 2003). Japan Table 1: Japan's international trade Year Value of Imports Value of Exports 1975 US$58 US$56 1980 US$141 US$130 1985 US$130 US$177 1990 US$235 US$288 1995 US$336 US$443 1998 US$280 US$388 Source: IMF Financial Statistics Yearbook 1999 Japan benefited from big trade surpluses in the 1980s mainly due to its diversified manufacturing sector and its restrictive tariffs and regulations that locked out international competition in order to protect its local market (Krugman, 1992). However, Japans trading partners and competitors such as the US forced it open up its economy in the 1980s, resulting in increased imports and decreased surpluses in the 1990s, reaching US$ 144 in 1994 and dropping further to US$84 two years later (IMF, 1999). Japan mainly imports fishery products, agricultural products, fuel, minerals, raw materials, machinery and equipment. On the other han

Personal Beliefs and homosexuality Essay Example for Free

Personal Beliefs and homosexuality Essay Homosexuality can be defined as a sexual behaviour or the attraction of people within the same sex. It is a distinguished aspect of sexuality including gender identity,social gender role and biological sex. It is a collective term reffering to both lesbians and gay men. It has been argued that the negative perception by heterosexuals to homosexuals is because they are a threat to the society. This is because homosexuals have violated the traditional sex role structure. Over the years we have witnessed battles as to whether equal rights and protection against discrimination should be extended to homosexuals. The conflict is between two dictates: should marriage be restricted to one man one woman? Or should adults committed in relationships regardless of their sexual orientation be allowed to enter civil unions? It catches my attention but with no surprise either that many Americans are denying gay men and lesbians access to their living a happy life and access to marriage. I believe that marriage is a union of love and not gender. And this is simply because a marriage union is defined by love and not hatred. Just as one does not choose to be male or female so is homosexuality. It should not be seen as an illness. And no one whatsoever should consider it as an illness and hence ashamed of being a homosexual. In American for example their exists certain personal beliefs about homosexuality. Some Americans consider homosexuality a crime and those practicing the act should be arrested. Others believe that it is just a condition that one is addicted to and can be corrected. Still others believe that homosexuality is just a neutral trait, like one being left handed; it is very normal and neutral. In my paper I will discuss some of these beliefs in support of my thesis question: should personal beliefs of everyone in America affect the rights of homosexual people to living happy lives and access to marriage? The warfare Theologians and scientists often have minimal conflicts within themselves. This is because none of the larger group is interested in the field of the other. When it comes to homosexuality it raises brows of both parties. This is a major area that has seen both theologians and scientists promoting their own beliefs in. According to scientists an adult’s human sexuality comes in three different orientations. These orientations are completely normal and interchangeable. No one chooses any of the orientations. One is heterosexuality where one is sexually attracted to a member of the opposite sex. Two is homosexuality where an individual is attracted to members of the same sex. And three is bisexuality where we have a smaller minority who are attracted to both men and women. Religion claims that homosexuality is mentioned in both the Bible and the Qur’an. Hence it is a topic of major study by theologians. There exist two groups of religiou0s beliefs. One is by religious conservatives who believe that there is freedom of error of the bible. According to their biblical interpretation of the bible, homosexuality is completely an abnormal, chosen and unnatural behavior that can be changed. Another group referred to as religious liberals take the bible as a historical book. They consider the scientists explanations about sexual orientations and they believe that just as heterosexuality homosexuality is normal, unchosen and natural sexual orientation. The above passage gives two definitions of homosexuality. According to religious conservatives, homosexuality is what a person does. According to Scientists it is one of the three sexual orientations. Public beliefs: Gender biliefs The gender bilief system is defined as a set of biliefs and views about qualities of masculinity and feminity about males and females respectively. People tend to respond to others by assuming that what is masculine is not feminine and vise versa. Another factor included in this set of beliefs is the different roles of different sexes. These are some of the traditional patterns of defined gender roles,therefore a different perception is percieved to those who violate these patterns including homosexuals. A common judgement is faced by men who posses feminine characteristics(gay) and women having masculine characteristics(lesbian). They people are always viewed negatively by the society. This bilief therefore holds that heterosexuals dislike both gay men and lesbians because they are stereotipically having crossed gender characteristics ,traits, and roles. This bilief tends to hold much to the traditional roles of male and females. But it is evident that this bilief is outdated and becomes unreliable because times have changed and the current society believes in freedom. Freedom to choose what kind of life to lead. It is not necessary that a man feminine is gay or a female masculine is a lesbian. Hence it is a bit difficult to judge an individual according to the sex characteristics he or she displays in his or her style of living. Religious biliefs Religion is different in different societies. Christians for example argue that the bible forbids homosexuality. But in christianity there has emerged different denominations that interpret the bible differently. Different religions have heard different views on both sexual relations and love amongst people of the same sex. Within the Muslim community homosexuality is prohibited. Infact it is cited in the Qur’an the abominable act of the people of Lof,who are known as Sodomites who were destroyed because of their engagement in illegal sexual offences. However,some liberal muslims e. g the Al Fatiha Foundation regard homosexuality as absolutely normal. They argue that the Al Qur’an speaks against homosexual lust but it is silent about homosexual love . The Anglican communion received discord that saw a rift between the African exceptb south Africa and Anglican churches from Asia on one hand and American churches on the other hand when Canadian and American churches ordained a clergy and started blessing same sex marriages. Other churches e. g the Methodist church experienced trials from a gay clergy who some argued was a against religious principles and there were mixed verdicts that depended on Geography. These religional beliefs about homosexuals affect the different perceptions about homosexuality by different people. Some religiouis groups e. g the Hellenics view the aspect of some forms of homosexuality as sacred. Some groups e. g the Abrahamic forbid the relationship. The opposition to homosexual behaviour by religuious sectors range from quietly displ[aying homosexual activities and displays to explicitly forbiding same sexual practices and opposing acceptance of homosexuals. The support of homosexuals can be seen reflected in religion by the acceptance of individuals who are sexually heterodox in church functions. There has also been a manifestation of same sex union. Religious reasons have partly played a role in changing some gay men and lesbians. They seek to change through religious practice and faith. A recentb survey explains the analysis oof 882 homosexduals who underwent a convrsion therapy. 22. 9 percent of the attendance did not undergo any changes,some change was seen from 42. 7 percent and a 34. 3 percent showd much change. With time relgion has accepted gay men and women in their congregations. For instance in the later 20th century there was no limit to secular institutions. A larger branch of Judaism known as the Reform Judaism that is outside Israel began to facilitate gay marriages. Religious beliefs do not change the way of life of hoosexuals. I think a person should not be instructed on which religion to follow. This is because,as I have discussed above,within the religious groups there is divisions meaning no one cxonclusion has been agreed upon by thelarger group. This also means that interpretation of the bible or Qur’an is different amongst different people. Therefore no one at any one point should decide how one is going to lead his or her life. It is a personal decision either to be or not tyo be homosexual. The polls Homosexuality is considered as one of the major topics of concern in America and especially North America it has been under debate for several times. The debate is between religious conservatives and supporters for equal rights to homosexuals and bisexuals. I will discuss some f the public views in relation to rights of homosexuality. It is a point to note that with time there has been a rapid change in America in regard to legality in interracial marriages. I feel it is only logical to embrace change and accept homosexuals as part of our society and stop judging them negatively. Currently sex marriages are acceptable to those residing in the Netherlands. Dutch lawmakers decided to rewrite the laws so that gay people and lesbians were accommodated therein. They are accepted top marry and enjoy all rights and privileges of married people. By mid 2004 the Canadian government received orders from courts on arrangements to offer civil unions amongst homosexuals. In 2001 there was a U. S poll that was conducted in high school seniors. From the research it was clear that a majority had support for equal rights for both lesbians and gay men. This support was at a remarkable higher level than their parents on homosexuality. However in North America there was much opposition on the legality of equal rights to homosexuals. The general public belief is that special rights that were reserved for heterosexuals and whether to extend or deny the same top homosexuals should be determined through polls. According to me this belief is really dangerous because, if the state will deny the minority some rights then it follows that we are not really safe here in America. And since every member of this society is a member of a certain minority then it beats logic to deny them rights. Morality and legality Many individuals here in States still regard homosexuality as immoral and illegal. Homosexuals are discriminated in the work place and sometimes even by the society. Conservative Christians still regard homosexuality as sinful and an acceptable behavior. It is perfectly moral if sexual behavior is non-manipulative, safe and consensual and above all between two people who love and care about each other and are in a committed relationship. Just as heterosexuals homosexuals never choose to be what they are. It is therefore illegal to discriminate this social group that is part of our society. They are supposed to be treated equally and fairly. Equality Homosexuals reside in our society. Since it is only normal to be a homosexual. And since several religious groups accept the laws governing homosexuals in the work place, there is no point of discriminating against them in the society. They should be given equal rights and access to civil unions since they are in no crime caring and loving each other. It will be unfair to deny them these rights because they are among the three sexual orientations and they are not acting homosexuals but were born so. Liberation Every member of a society needs liberal position. When two individuals are in love and are committed to one another they deserve liberty. It is only fair to accord homosexuals liberty and freedom to express their love to one another since they are responding(part of the three sexual orientations) to nature and doing no one harm. Conclusion Research shows that there is much and widespread prejudice against homosexuals. The society still views homosexuals as immoral people. Further research by Berril in 1992 and D’Augelli ion 1989 in the American society shows that negative attitude towards homosexuals are often acted on through physical and verbal aggression. In the research by D’Augelli,50 percent of homosexual students repoorted that they have overheard awful comments,that verbal insults were experienced by 26 percent of the gay and lesbian population,26 percent were threatened through physical assault and 23 percent said they were victims of assault. I choose this topic because it is realy fascinating that traditionally like in the olden Greek there existed homosexuals but it did not take a society notice. Traditionally,marriage was percieved as a sacred matrimony between man and wife. The core purpose of marriage was children. And therefore ,traditionally marriage without siring children is meaningless. Recently homosexuality has become a central topic of discussion. The society and the world at large has received many arguments of whether to or not to legalize gay relationships. It is with the many challenges thjat face this topic that I decided to have a wider look on this topic. The gender set of biliefs is a rampant view among many individuals. It has an impact amongst men and women. Gender is seen in the society as one of the major stable constructs. Those having an aspect of a particular gender are supposed to have characters of that particular gender. This beliefs make the society have different junjements on men feminines and women masculines as gay and lesbians respectively. This is among the stereotype biliefs and as I have explained before it is a biased bilief. Over time we have seen religion adjusting abit and some religious groups are accepting homosexuals in their congregation and even go as far as uniting gay partners. Religions have broken up into denminations where others are supporting homosexual relationships and others do not. The traditional aspect of marriage is totally different now from the old perspective. From the above discussed beliefs it is clear that homosexuality is still percieved negatively by the society. Over time the law has tried to come in between to ammend a law that may govern such relationships. Most people still argue that there is freedom of choice and therefore do not agree in the ammendment of a law to abolish gay relationships. To the homosexuals who choose to remain in their relationships it is a choice. There is no particular law that forbids one from establishing a homosexual relationship and at the same time there is freedom of worship. This does not bind one into following a particular relationship in as much as most religions regard it a sin to have a relationship with a same sexual fellow but my argument is that a sin is sin. And therefore if one chooses to be or not to be a homosexual is personal. Who cares what the society is going to have what perception with your personality. I therefore conclude by saying that this research is not realy giving a solution as to whether gay or homosexual relations should be stoped but rather embraces the fact that every social being has freedom of choice of what to do with his or her social life. I have explained some of the personal beliefs and noted that both are personal decisions and therefore no one is to judge the other on what life to lead.

New Internationalist Article Critique Essay -- article critiques, maga

With an exuberant title of SIZZZZLE, this article in the September 2006 edition in the issue 393 of the Internationalist Magazine, enunciates on the idea of advertising companies targeting children and young people to produce a higher income. Quoting through a variety of renowned child psychologists and various marketing educators, Jonathan Williams illustrates advertising as exploiting an individual’s insecurities, creating false needs and offering counterfeit solutions; hence fostering dissatisfaction that leads to consumption. Williams states that children are particularly vulnerable to this type of manipulation. Manipulating adolescents into a consumer lifestyle at such a young age has devastating consequences for the environment through its extravagance and wastefulness, as advertisers have been recognizing the purchasing power and significant influence of children on their parent’s purchase. As aforementioned, Williams’s theory is supported through a series of excerpts from advertisers and child psychologists as a source of primary evidence. Containing factual information ...

Celiac Disease Paper

Celiac Disease Unit 4: Assign 2- Disorders Affecting the Immune System April 9, 2013 Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder. It affects the small intestine in the person’s body. It can affect people who have been linked genetically or pre-disposed from infancy to adulthood (www. mayoclinic. com). This disease can be asymptomatic. Which means that the person can be a carrier of this disease and pass it on to their children. The carrier would not have any symptoms of this disease or even know they are a carrier.Celiac disease can affect 1 in 105 people in the United States (www. webmd. com). Celiac disease is caused by a reaction to gliadin, or a gluten protein. The gluten protein is found in wheat, barley, rye, and oats. When the person affected with this disease is exposed or ingests the gluten protein, their immune system has an inflammatory reaction in the small bowel. The inflammatory reaction can be an acute or chronic response within the bowel tissue. The inflammation i n the small bowel blocks the person’s ability to absorb vital nutrients from their food (www. ebmd. com). Signs and symptoms of Celiac disease can range from mild to severe. Diarrhea is the most common symptom of this disease. Abdominal pain, bloating, cramping, and distention of the abdominal wall from gas are also other signs/symptoms of Celiac disease. The blocking or malabsorptio of nutrients such as Calcium and Vitamin D can lead to weight loss, fatigue, and anemia. The person can then get mouth ulcerations as well, and become lactose intolerant.As the disease continues to progress it can cause more damage and it puts the person at risk for small intestine cancer (adenocarcinoma) or Lymphoma. If left untreated Celiac disease can also lead to more complications within the affected person. Some of the complications they would experience are, ulcerations and strictures in the bowel (www. webmd. com). The only affective treatment for Celiac disease is a lifelong goal of diet change. Once diagnosis has been confirmed gluten must be completely removed from the person’s diet.Certain diets that are gluten free will need to be followed to prevent inflammation. Depending on the extent of the damage done, or the stage of progression there may need to be more strict changes to follow. There are websites and support groups to help people become educated with the steps necessary to prevent further flare ups from this condition. The first step to becoming aware of this disease is to be seen by your physician if you are having any of the above signs and symptoms (www. csaceliacs. com). www. mayoclinic. com,2013. www. webmd. com,2013.

Miles Davis Essay

Jon Davis Perspectives in American Jazz Ben Martinson December 10, 2009 Miles Davis: The Last Pioneer in American Jazz Miles Davis represents the pinnacle of modern American Jazz. He was one of the foremost pioneers in the inventions of cool jazz, hard bop, free jazz, fusion and techno. He was, arguably one of the most influential figures in music, pushing the boundaries of what was commonly known as jazz into new directions that most people thought was impossible. Davis was born on May 26, 1926 in Alton, Illinois to Dr. Miles Henry Davis, a successful dentist, and Cleota Mae Davis. Davis’ interest in music was sparked at the age of 13 when his father bought him a trumpet, and arranged lessons with accomplished local musician Elwood Buchanan. Oddly enough, Buchanan discouraged Davis from using vibrato in his music, which was a characteristic that Davis carried throughout the entirety of his career. Interestingly, his mother, Cleota Mae Davis, played blues piano but kept this facts hidden from her son. Because of his proficiency with the trumpet, he was accepted into the Julliard School of Music to study classical music. Davis quickly realized that the classical form was not for him, and desired a more non-traditional approach. Davis made the decision to drop out of the Julliard School because they were not accepting of his non-traditional approach. Davis focused on imperfect melodies in order to distract the users away from the composition of the music, and to concentrate more on the deeply rooted meanings in the music. Davis stated in an interview, â€Å"It's [music] always been a gift with me, hearing music the way I do. I don't know where it comes from, it's just there and I don't question it,† (Miles Davis Properties). After Davis dropped out of Julliard, he got to experience the greatest privilege that any musician of the time could hope for. He received the chance to play with the band of Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie. Davis’ performance was rapidly perfected by the influence of Parker and Gillespie (Miles Davis). He saw his first studio time under Parker and Gillespie with Savoy records in September of 1945. This represented a major change of pace for Davis, because he was now qualified to record as a solo artist. Savoy Records offered to sign him as a band leader, where he soon excelled to the point of starting his own nonet called the â€Å"Miles Davis Nonet. † Davis often came off as arrogant or rude because he demanded absolute perfection in all rehearsals and performances from his band members. These demands may have been rooted in the slaps on the knuckles he received as a child from Buchanan. Davis had rapidly become one of the most famous musicians of the time, and had no intention of slowing down. Davis enjoyed a rapid, lifestyle of fame success, and debauchery. His lifestyle began to catch up with him at the peak of his career when heroine became a severe problem in his life. Heroin addiction was not uncommon for musicians during the 1940s and 1950s. It is speculated that his addiction to heroin may have been influenced by both Parker and Gillespie, the two men that made him into a star (Miles Davis). However, the difference between Davis, Parker, and Gillespie was that Davis rid himself of his addiction to heroin by locking himself into a room until he was completely free of his habit and prepared to perform again. Davis rapidly got back to the world of jazz by performing at the Newport Jazz Festival in July of 1955. This performance was one of his best live shows, and proved to Columbia Records that he was ready to record one of his bestselling albums of all time, Miles Ahead. This album featured legendary collaborations between Gil Evans and Davis. It created the new sound of Miles Davis that moved away from Bebop, and more towards unheard of genres of music. In August of 1959 Davis’ success continued with the release of his most successful album, Kind of Blue. This album went on to earn quadruple-platinum success, and to be the best-selling jazz album of all time. â€Å"It never and entered my mind† is my favorite track by Davis. It is the first track on Davis’ album, Workin’ performed by the Miles Davis Quintet. The track features Davis playing a very cool, relaxed trumpet solo, with a walking scale on bass. The scale is a riff and it repeats the entire song. First and foremost when listen to this piece, I just feel extremely relaxed. The song carries a heavy romantic tone to it that one cannot help but fall in love with. It is very much like most of his early trumpet playing because it lacks vibrato, and is overall an extremely smooth piece. On September 28, 1991, one year after receiving the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, Davis died at the young age of sixty-five from a stroke, pneumonia and respiratory failure. Davis’ music has been, and will continue to be popular and one of the most sought after names in American Jazz. His influence on other genres spans wider than most people realize because of the amount of techniques and styles that he experimented with. No audience is out of reach of Davis’ music because of his uses elements of rock, pop, electronic, jazz and so many more genres. His self-discipline, talent, and love for music have earned him 9 Grammy Awards, including a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, a spot in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, stars on the Hollywood and Saint Louis Walks of Fame, and a Knighthood in Paris. These and countless other honors, combined with his record sales are proof of the popularity, influence, and success that Davis will enjoy for years to come in the fields of cool jazz, hard bop, free jazz, fusion and techno. Davis was a stickler for perfection and poured himself into every song he created and performed, and many musicians have him to thank for the success he has brought them. Works Cited Miles Davis Properties, L. â€Å"Miles Davis. † Miles Davis. 9 Nov. 2009 http://www. milesdavis. com/. Miles Davis Quintet. Workin' Rec. 1956. Prestige, 1987. â€Å"Miles Davis. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. 2009. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. 9 Nov. 2009 http://www. rockhall. com/inductee/miles-davis. NPR, Ken Burns, and Columbia/legacy . â€Å"Miles Davis. † 9 Nov. 2009 http://www. pbs. org/jazz/biography/artist_id_davis_miles. htm. Ouellette, Dan. â€Å"Miles Ahead. † Billboard119 (2007): 48-49. Academic Search Elite. EBSCO. Pickler Memorial Library, Kirk sville. 9 Nov. 2009. Keyword: Miles Davis. Paradowski, Robert J. â€Å"It's About That Time: Miles Davis on and Off Record. † (2005). EBSCOhost. Pickler Memorial Library, Kirksville. 9 Nov. 2009. Keyword: Miles Davis.